Internal-combustion engine.



PATENTED MAR. 5, 1907.

H. G. UNDERW-OOD. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIGATION IILED JUNE 7. 1905.

4 SHEETS'-SHEBT 1.

figs.

fi l/1W? MAW 4 fbW/M PATENTED MAR. 5, 1907.

M 0 0 W R E D N U Fm Um INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7. 1966.

4 8EEETSSHEET a lumen/$07":

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PATENTED MAR. 5, 1907.

I No. 846,070.

H. G. UNDERWOOD. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7. 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

mazes-t IATENTED MAR. 5, 1907.

H. G. UNDBRWOOD. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7. 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

l7////////I/////I///// Inventor.-

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 5,1907.

Application filed June'7.1905. Serial No 264,042.

To ltlljrohont it may con/corn.- Be it known that l, ,liicnnicn'r G.lJNDE'JP woo -a citizen of the United States, resiling .lD. \Vest NewBrighton, borough of Richniond, of the city of New York, in the State-;of New York, have invented certaiii new anl i thereto.

useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which thefollowii'ig is a specification, reference bemg had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part hereof.

thisinvent-ion relates particularly to internal-colnlnistion englnes oi"the two-cycle type, in which a fresh charge is cornprcssei at everybackward stroke of the piston and is exploded at every forward stroke.

The object of the invention is in general to improve the constructionandv increase the efficiency ol engines of this type The lectures anddetails of improvement will be more particularly described herein afterwith reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the invention isillustrated as embodied. as to its several features in convenient andpractical form.

I'n sail drawings, Figure l is. a view in front elevation of aninternal-combustion engine having the present improvements applied Fig.2 is a view thereof in side elevation, the'shaft being shown in section.Fig. 3 is a view in vertical section on the plane indicated by the line3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig.

4 is a View, partly in section, on the horizon talplane inlicatecl bythe line 4 4 of Fig. 2.

, the line 10 10 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 5 is a detail view, on an enlarged scale, of a portion of thegovernor mechanlsm.

Fig. 6 is a topview of the cylinder-head.

Fig. 7 shows a portion of the igniter' in sizle. Fig. 8 is a partialview in elevation from the opposite side of the enand edge views.

ginc to thatshown in Fig. 2. Fig. 9 is a view in vertical section on theplane indicated by the line 9 9 of Fig. 8. Fig, 10 is a View inhorizontal section on the plane indicated by ferred to is at that end ofthe cylinder which is nearest to the crank-shaft c. The cranks c,of-which there are two, are connected by pitmen c with a-wrist=pin d,the ends. of which project from the upwardly-extended cylindricaltrunkpiston d through slots a one of which is shown in dotted lines inFig. 2-in the upward extension a of the cylinder (1'. As will beobserved by reference to Fig. 3, the trunk-piston (1 when initshighestposition extends nearly to the head a of the cylinderextension a, its length being greater than its stroke, so that'theslot-s c in the cylinder-wall are always covered by the trunkpiston. Thepiston d is provided near its forward or head end with a port (Z whichis adapted to register as the piston approaches the ll'Ilil/ of itsforward stroke with a porta in the cylinder-wall. The lattercommunicates with a chamber (R, in which the air is mixedwith the fuelbasis of the explosive cl'iarge, and the latter communicates with the.ad end of the cylinderthat is, with the working. cylinder through aport a, which is likewise uncovered by the piston as it approaches thelimit of its upward or forward stroke. An exhauscport a is also providedin the wall of the Working cylinder to be uncovered by the piston as itapproaches the liinit of its forward stroke. ln/the wall of thecylindcrcxtension a are also provided air-inlet ports a insuch positionas to be uncovered by the piston as the latter approaches the limit ofitsdownward or rearward stroke. With this construction the air admittedthrough the'ports a is compressed during the forward movement of thepiston and is ad- ;mitted to the working cylinder as the pistoncompletes its forward stroke.

As it passes practically through the entire length of the trunk-pistonand close to the head end thereof the latter is kept properly cool.Furthermore, as the rearward movement of the piston during itscompression-stroke is in a downward direction, the weight of the pistonand connected parts is taken advantage of to dition of rest will beexplained, itbeing un- IOU or upper end of the cylinder (1 throiigh. a

valve which can be thrown out of operation altogether or can be operatedfrom the pressed air at the proper time to produce a rearward ordownward movement of the piston and to cut off the supply of air a theproper time. As shown in the drawing the valve provided for the purposeis a lidevalve f, having a port f adapted to register with a port f 2 atthe head or upper end (if the air-compression cylinder. This valve lmaybe operated, as shown in the drawings, iby a lever g, suitably pivoted,as at g, upon the cylinderwall and acted upon by a spripg g to draw theport f to the right of the po ity, and thereby prevent the admission ofair from the source of supply. The lever is provided with a' foot 9 insuch a position as to be acted upon by a roller 0 on one of the pit mena. A locking-pin g is carried bythe lever 9 and adapted to enter arecess 9 in the cylinder-casting to hold the lever againstthepressure ofthe spring 9 with the post f in the slide-valve at the left of the portf 2 in the cylinder-wall for the purpose of cutting oil the admission ofair from the reservoir after the engine has started or when it is not inoperation. It will be seen that if the engine its inoperative positionby the pin 9'. Should is at rest, with the piston 11 in its hi hestposition, asrepresented in Fig. 3, and t e handvalve e is openedthe-valvef is also opened at the same time, and air admitted from thereservoir rushes through the port 11 and the mixing-chamber a carrying acharge into the working cylinder. At the same time, the engine beingmoved slightly oii center, the air-pressure drives the piston downwardand continues to drive it downward until the valve f is permitted toclose, and thereafter during expansion until the ports a are opened, thelatter becoming exhaust-valves as .to the air admitted from. thereservoir.

During-such movement of the piston the charge in the working cylinder iscompressed and eing ignited at the proper time drives the pistonforward. As soon as the re ular operation ofthe engine is establishe'the valve 6 is closed and the lever g is locked in 'it happen that theengine is stopped off center, so that the ports (1 and-a do notregister,

then no charge will be driven into the work- From thel pipeoving-parts-of the engine to admit the pomment of the piston, and thepiston being then returned by the momentumof thejparts, aided by theexpansionof the air in the Workingcylinder a second downward movement ofthe piston must be effected by thecompressed air before the're'jgularoperation of the engine is established.

the fuel basis of the explosive mixture is suph, which is provided witha nozzle and valvechamber 72/ within the mixing-chamber a. The.extremity of the pipe is provided with an inwardly-opening valve ht,which is held normally to its seat by a spring h The stem of the valve hprojects beyond the extremity of the'pipe it into the path of an arm 11,by'whic'h the valve is opened to permit the escape'ol': theproperquantity of fluid to form the basis of the explosive mixture. The arm 41is secured to a shaft 4/, which is extended andis provided ,exteriorlywith an arm '11, adapted to be a 'ted upon by some moving part of theengine to open the valve h atthe proper instant. In the engine shown thevalve is operated by a mechanism which is dependent upon the speed ofthe engine or, in other words, by governor devices. As shownparticularly in Figs. 2 and 4, an arm is connected by a'link 7a with oneof the pitpiston reciprocates. Upon the lever kis pivoted a pendulum-arml, which is pressed normally in on? direction bv a spring kF",adjustably sup 0 ted, through a screw upon an arm 76' oi the lever 70.The pendulum is provided with afinger Z, which-fin the normal 0 erationofthe engine overliesthe'extension of the arm '5 on the shaft i, so thatas the lever is is swung up and'downthe shaft ri is oscillated and the;valve 11 is opened at every movement. If,- however, the engine isoperatin at a s eed higherthan the nor- ,nial, then t e'pen ulum-arin Zassumes such a position relative to the shaft 'i that the finger-Zthereof fails to engage the arm '5 and the valve it therefore is notopened to, admit more fluid. f q

It may ning too fast, but to prevent also the admission to the working;cylinder of whatever mixture there may be in the mixing-chamber a andeven of additional air. For this purpose there is provided abutterfly-valve m, mounted within the mixing-chamber a upon asha m,which carries outside of the mixing-chamber-a triangularblock m 'A flatspring m is secured. tothe supporting: bracket to cooperate with thebloc m and main aim the valve in one osit'ion or the othe as the casemay be. he block m is lcl, pivoted, as at k, upon a suitable bracket,

-men 0 so that it is'swung up and down as the ing cylinder during thefirst downward move I In the engine represented in the drawings pliedfrom any suitable source trough a pipe I through the wall iof themixing-chamber a be desirable not only to prevent 4 the admission offuel when the engine is run-' Qcarried by the pendulum Z.

also provided with lugs m and m whichare full lines in Figs. 3 and 5,leaving the passage unobstructed; but if the engine runs too fast andthe admission of fuel is out off by the acor vapor through themixing-chamber.

l block 'm 'andrestores the :ative position.

- possessed by certain bodies, notably, finelye tion ofinternal-combustion engines the dea bolt or rod 0.

' nari tion of the pendulum Z then at the same time the finger Z of thependulum swings into po- 'sition to strike the lug -m on the block mrocking the shaft and the valve m, into the position'of the latter,indicated by dotted nes, in which it prevents the passage of air As soonas the engine resumes normal speed then the finger Z strikes the lug mof the valve to its oper For-the ignition of the charge inthe explosiori-chamberuse is made of the property divided platinum, of effectingthe ignition of the ases to which they are exposed. Ordily these bodieslose the pro erty referred, to after use for a considerab e time fromcauses which are not necessary to be more parti'cularlyreferred toherein; but it has been found in the development of the pres entinvention that under the conditions to which said bodies are exposed inthe operasired quality isretained unimpaired, particularly if the bodiesare'so' placed as to prevent the accumulation of carbon thereon. ;In the1pplication of this feature of the invention 1e gas-occluding body,preferably platinum in suitable form, is preferably distributed'in.

the cylinder-head in the form of points a and thin strips in, which-aresuitably supported.

As shown in'Figs., 3,'6, and 7 of the drawings, these points n, andstrips n are secured to blocks a, which are mounted in the cylinderhead0, and are preferably secured therein by It is found that thedistribution of gas-occluding -material at different points in thecylinder-headsecures, under the influence of the-compression of thegaseous charge in contact with the occluding material, certainty ofoperation, so that ignition takes place without fail Whenever a propermixture of the gaseous material is compressed in the working cylinder.Furthermore, through the support of the occluding material at somedistance from the extremity of the cylinder-head and perhapsthe retainsits peculiar property for a long time -in. actual use. 1 6O tially asdescribed, maybe relied upon to ef- The occluding material, arrangedsubstanfectthe ignition during the o eration of the engine; but incaseit shoul be desired to. warm up the engine when it has been at restfor a sufiicient length of time to permit the 'their mouths covered withparts to become cooled there may also be provided a torch-igniter, andfor this purpose the cylinder-head may be formed with a cy-' lindricalguard-tube '0 provided at one end with a burner 0 an'd'having projectedinto it from the explosion-chamber one or more tubularrigniters 0",which preferably have latinum-gauze, as at 0 .1 This to'rch-igniter isemployed and operates substantially in the manner common to otherengines of the type of that shown and described'herein. v

It will be understood that various changes may be made ,in the detailsof construction and arrangement of parts and that the invention is notto be limited to the precise construction and arrangement shown anddescribed herein.

I claim as my invention 1. In an internal-combustion engine, thecombination of a Working cylinder having an u ward extension withopposite longitudinal s ots and closed .ends, an uninclosed crank shaft,a trunk-piston open from its head to its end and covering the slots inthe cylinder, a wrist-pin extended from the piston through said slotsand pitmen. connecting the wristin and the crank-shaft external to thecylinder, the working cylinder being above the crank-shaft with its headend adjacent to the crank-shaft, substantially as described.

2. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination'of a base-plate, anuninclosed crank-shaft having bearings therein, a work ing cylindersupported above said base-plate with its head end above the crankshaftand provided with an upward extension having opposite longitudinal,slots and closed ends, a trunk-piston open from its head to its end andarr gedto cover said slots, a wrist-pin' extendi: and

cran v V s'tant'ially asdescribed.

3. In an internal-combustion Y engine,- the combination. of a cylinderhaving a closed head. and a closed extension'with opposite slots andprovided with an inlet-port adapt pitmenconnecting the wrist-pin andtheed to be uncovered by the piston as it ap-- proaches the forward limitof its stroke, a second port connected with the first, and a 'f from thepiston through said slots,

shaft external to the cylinder, sub- I third port insaid extensionadapted to be;

uncovered by the piston as it a proaches the rearward-limit Of'ltSstroke, a ollow trunkpiston adapted to receive through its open end airadmitted throughthe last-namedport' and provided near its head end witha through said slots and external pitmen connecting the wrist-pin andthe crank-shaft, substantially as described. 4.-In aninternal-combustion engine, the

combination of an uninclosed crank-shaft, a cylinder above thecrank-shaft having its closed head end adjacent to the crank-shaft,having a closed extension remote from'the crank-shaft with oppositelongitudinal slots, and provided-with an inlet-port adapted to beuncovered by the piston as it approaches the forward limit of itsstroke, a second port connected with the first, and a third port in saidextension adapted to be uncovered by the piston as it approaches therearward movement of its stroke, a hollow trun k-pist on adapted toreceive through its open end air admitted through the last-named portand provided near its head end with a port arranged to register with thesecond named ort as the piston approaches the forward imit of itsstroke, a wrist-pin projecting from the piston through said slots, andexternal 'pitmen connecting the wrist-pin and the crank-shaft,substantially as described.

5. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination of a cylinderhaving a closed head and a closed extension with opposite longitudinalslots, and provided with an inletport adapted to be uncovered by thepiston as it approaches the forward limit of its stroke, a second portconnected with the first througl'i a 1nixing-chamber and a third port insaid extension adapted to be uncovered by the piston as it approachesthe rearward limit of its stroke, means to supply the fuel basis oi thecharge to said mixing-chamber, a hollow trunk-piston adapted to receivethrough its open end air admitted through the last named port andprovided near its head end with a port arranged to register with thesecond-named port the piston approaches the forward limit of its stroke,an uninclosed crank-shalt, a wrist-pin projecting from the pistonthrough said, slots, and external pitment connecting the Wrist-j: inwith the crankshaft, substantially as described.

6. In an internal-coinbustion engine, the combination of an uninclosedcrank-shaft, a working cylinder having its closed head end adjacent tothe crank-shaft and having an opposite closed extension with oppositelongitudinal slots, a piston covering said slots, a wrist-pin projectingfrom the p ston through said slots, external pitmen connecting theWrist-pin'and the crank-shaft, and means to admit air under pressure tosaid extension in front of the'piston, substantially as described.

7 .-In. an internal-combustion engine, the oombinationof an unincl'osedcrank-shaft, a working cylinder having its closed head end adjacent tothe crank-shalt and having an opposite closed extension with oppositelongitudinal slots, a piston covering said slots, a wrist-pin projectingfrom the piston through said slots, external pitmen connecting thewrist-pin and the crank-shaft, means to admit air under pressure to saidextension in front of the piston, and means actuated by a moi ing partol the engine tocontrol the admission ol' air to said extension,substantially as described.

8. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination 01 an uninelosedcrank-shaft, a working cylinder having its closed head end adjacent tothe crank-shaft and having an opposite closed extension, with oppositelongitudinal slots, a piston covering said slots, 9. wrist-pinprojecting from the piston through said slots, external pitmenconnecting the wrist-pin and the crank-shaft, means to admit air underpressure to said extension in front of the piston, a valve'to controlthe admission of air, and means actuated by a movin part of the engineto operate said valve, substantially as described. V 9. In aninternal-combustion engine, the combination of an uninclosedcrank-shaft, a working cylinder having its closed head end adjacent tothe crank-shaft and having an HERBERT G. UNDERWQOD.

In presenee of- ANTHONY N. IJEsBERA,

W. B; GREELEY.

opposite closed extension,.with opposite l'on-

